The inner-shell ionization and fragmentation of selenophene at 120 eV

T Tiffany Walmsley F Felix Allum (Stanford PULSE Institute) J James R. Harries Y Yoshiaki Kumagai J Joseph W. McManus (Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry) K Kiyonobu Nagaya M Mathew Britton M Mark Brouard (Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry) P Philip H. Bucksbaum M Mizuho Fushitani I Ian Gabalski T Tatsuo Gejo P Paul Hockett A Andrew J. Howard H Hiroshi Iwayama E Edwin Kukk C Chow-shing Lam R Russell S. Minns (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) A Akinobu Niozu S Sekito Nishimuro J Johannes Niskanen S Shigeki Owada W Weronika O. Razmus D Daniel Rolles (James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department) J James D. Somper (Chemistry Research Laboratory) K Kiyoshi Ueda J James Unwin S Shin-ichi Wada J Joanne L. Woodhouse R Ruaridh Forbes (Linac Coherent Light Source) M Michael Burt (Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry) E Emily M. Warne (Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry)

Abstract

Abstract The inner-shell ionization of selenophene at 120 eV produces a rich array of fragmentation dynamics, including many originating from Auger-Meitner processes. In this report, three-dimensional velocity-map imaging and covariance analysis were used to identify and characterize over 50 distinct selenophene fragmentation channels. The majority resulted in two or three ‘heavy’ products containing selenium or carbon, many of which had identical mass-to-charge ratios but different chemical compositions due to the degree of hydrogenation and the selenium isotope involved. Covariance analysis was used to isolate these reaction channels and to provide estimates of their relative yields. In combination with prior similar studies on thiophene and furan, the current results indicate that the nature of the heteroatom significantly influences the charge redistribution and bond cleavage dynamics induced by the Auger-Meitner process, and demonstrate the sensitivity of inner-shell ionization dynamics to the molecular and electronic structures of heterocyclic systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published February 17, 2026
ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Scientific Reports

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2045-2322 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (32)

T

Tiffany Walmsley

F

Felix Allum

Stanford PULSE Institute

J

James R. Harries

Y

Yoshiaki Kumagai

J

Joseph W. McManus

Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry

K

Kiyonobu Nagaya

M

Mathew Britton

M

Mark Brouard

Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry

P

Philip H. Bucksbaum

M

Mizuho Fushitani

I

Ian Gabalski

T

Tatsuo Gejo

P

Paul Hockett

A

Andrew J. Howard

H

Hiroshi Iwayama

E

Edwin Kukk

C

Chow-shing Lam

R

Russell S. Minns

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

A

Akinobu Niozu

S

Sekito Nishimuro

J

Johannes Niskanen

S

Shigeki Owada

W

Weronika O. Razmus

D

Daniel Rolles

James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department

J

James D. Somper

Chemistry Research Laboratory

K

Kiyoshi Ueda

J

James Unwin

S

Shin-ichi Wada

J

Joanne L. Woodhouse

R

Ruaridh Forbes

Linac Coherent Light Source

M

Michael Burt

Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry

E

Emily M. Warne

Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry