The Ethical Implications of AI and Big Data in Achieving Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Threats in Governance, Social Welfare, and Global Equity

Abstract

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data rapidly evolve, their integration into sustainable development strategies presents both promising opportunities and profound ethical challenges. This research investigates the dual role of AI and Big Data in shaping governance structures, enhancing social welfare systems, and addressing global equity disparities, while critically examining the ethical tensions that arise. Drawing from a multidisciplinary approach, the study analyzes policy frame- works, case studies, and technological deployments across both developed and developing nations. The research highlights how AI-driven decision-making can improve resource distribution and public service efficiency, while also revealing concerns such as data privacy violations, algorithmic bias, and reinforcement of socio-economic inequalities. Through qualitative content analysis and policy review, this paper contributes to the discourse on responsible AI and ethical data governance, underscoring the need for global cooperation and robust legal frameworks that safeguard human rights while promoting innovation.