The Design of Chemically Self‐Charging Aqueous Batteries

Abstract

Abstract The chemically self‐charging aqueous batteries are regarded as potential candidates for off‐grid energy storage devices due to their environmental independence and simple construction. Although tremendous research efforts have been recently made to design chemically self‐charging aqueous batteries, a comprehensive review about them is still absent. This review describes the design principles of chemically self‐charging aqueous batteries and their self‐charging mechanism. The advances in their cathode materials mainly include transition‐metal oxides or sulfides, Prussian blue analogues, and organic compounds. Subsequently, the strategies of enhancing chemically self‐charging kinetics are highlighted, including the design of materials, selection of oxidants, and the introduction of catalysts. In addition, various applications of chemically self‐charging batteries are also discussed in wearable electronic devices, low temperatures, and all‐pH scenarios. In the final section, the challenges and future perspectives are presented for designing high‐performance chemically self‐charging aqueous batteries. It will shed light on the R&D of chemically self‐charging aqueous batteries.