The CARD14 <i>sh</i> –BCL10–MALT1 complex regulates MAVS-mediated antiviral response in keratinocytes

Abstract

The Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein (MAVS) is a key adaptor in antiviral immunity, mediating type I interferon responses downstream of RIG1 and TLR3. While MAVS regulation is essential for antiviral defense, its modulation in keratinocytes is poorly understood. Here, we examine the role of the CARD14–BCL10–MALT1 (CBM) complex, a skin-specific signaling module, in controlling MAVS-dependent antiviral responses. We identify CARD14 short as a dual regulator that activates NF-κB while inhibiting IRF3 signaling. Psoriasis-associated CARD14 mutations are less efficient in restricting IRF3 activation and cytokine production upon Poly (I:C) stimulation, highlighting a potential mechanism in psoriasis pathogenesis. BCL10 is essential for MAVS-induced IRF3 activation, while MALT1 limits IRF3 signaling by promoting MAVS cleavage, K48-linked ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. Genetic and chemical inhibition of MALT1 enhances IRF3 activation and type I IFN expression. These findings reveal a MAVS-CBM regulatory network linking innate immunity to epithelial homeostasis.