Temporal trends in Hodgkin lymphoma-related mortality in the United States over the last three decades: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease database.

Abstract

e19040 Background: Hodgkin lymphoma, a subtype of lymphoma, exhibits a bimodal age distribution with peaks in the third decade and after age 50. Advancements in diagnostic modalities and treatment options have significantly impacted the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of the disease. This study evaluates the temporal trends in the mortality of Hodgkin lymphoma over the past three decades (1990–2019). Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease were analyzed to determine the Annual Percentage Changes (APCs) in the age-adjusted mortality rates from 1990 to 2019. Overall and gender-specific trends in mortality were evaluated using the Joinpoint Analysis Program. The average APC (AAPC) was calculated for all groups during the study period. Results: From 1990 to 2019, mortality rates from Hodgkin Lymphoma in the United States decreased significantly, with an AAPC of -3.23 (95% CI: -3.33 to -3.14, p < 0.001). The decline in mortality was consistent, as shown by the following changes in APC 1990–1998: -3.58% (95% CI: -5.01 to -3.13, p < 0.001), 1998–2006: -2.04% (95% CI: -2.51 to -0.04, p = 0.016), and 2006–2019: -3.74% (95% CI: -4.01 to -3.53, p < 0.001). Gender-specific trends in mortality were consistent with an overall decline in mortality rates over the 3 decades as -3.13 (95% CI: -3.46 to -3.04, p < 0.001) for females and -3.32 (95% CI: -3.46 to -3.20, p < 0.001) for males. For males, mortality rates declined steadily in the 1990s; APC: -4.52 (95% CI: -6.30 to -3.78, p < 0.001). The decline was relatively slow at the beginning of the 20 th century. It was not statistically significant for the period from 1997- 2006, APC: -2.14% (95% CI: -2.63 to 0.04, p = 0.054); however, it continued to fall afterwards until 2019 significantly; APC: -3.49 (95% CI: -3.93 to -3.22, p < 0.001). There was a consistent and clinically significant decrease in mortality rate in females across the three decades, with a more noticeable change after 2007, as evident by APC of -2.41 (95% CI: -2.59 to -2.19, p < 0.001) from 1990 to 2007, and -4.15 (95% CI: -4.46 to -3.84, p < 0.001) from 2007 to 2019. Conclusions: From 1990 to 2019, Hodgkin lymphoma-associated mortality rates significantly declined across all genders. These findings highlight the impact of advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies over time.