Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics

E Eleni Tsakiri (Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens) C Carlos Campos-Marques (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho) C Christina Ploumi (Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens) K Kalliopi Skourti (Laboratory of Brain exosomes and Pathology - ExoBrain, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos) A Antonis Roussos (Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens) E Eirini Mytilinaiou (Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens) A Anastasia Vamvaka Iakovou (Laboratory of Brain exosomes and Pathology - ExoBrain, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos) I Ildete Luísa Ferreira (Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra) C Chrysoula Dioli (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho) D Despoina D. Gianniou (Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens) M Martina Samiotaki (Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”) J Jonas Campos (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho) C Clarissa Waites (Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center) N Nuno Sousa (Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna) I Ioannis P. Trougakos (Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens) J Joana M. Silva (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho) A A. Cristina Rego (Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra) I Ioannis Sotiropoulos (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho) K Konstantinos Palikaras (Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens)

Abstract

Mitochondrial damage is a shared hallmark of brain aging and neurodegeneration. While pathological Tau mutations disrupt mitochondrial dynamics and function, the physiological role of wild-type (WT) Tau in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans and mice lacking PTL-1, the nematode Tau-like homolog, and Tau respectively, we demonstrate that Tau deficiency promotes a shift toward a pro-fusion mitochondrial state associated with enhanced mitochondrial function and stress resistance. In both models, loss of Tau leads to increased mitochondrial activity and altered redox homeostasis, while it enhances resistance to heat and mitochondrial stress in C. elegans . Strikingly, loss of FZO-1, the mitofusin homolog, abolishes the beneficial phenotypes, whereas its overexpression phenocopies key aspects of Tau/PTL-1 deficiency. Together, our findings uncover a conserved role for WT Tau in restraining mitochondrial fusion and functional adaptation, highlighting its contribution to mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular stress responses.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 27
Published July 07, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (19)

E

Eleni Tsakiri

Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

C

Carlos Campos-Marques

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho

C

Christina Ploumi

Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

K

Kalliopi Skourti

Laboratory of Brain exosomes and Pathology - ExoBrain, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos

A

Antonis Roussos

Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

E

Eirini Mytilinaiou

Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

A

Anastasia Vamvaka Iakovou

Laboratory of Brain exosomes and Pathology - ExoBrain, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos

I

Ildete Luísa Ferreira

Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra

C

Chrysoula Dioli

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho

D

Despoina D. Gianniou

Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

M

Martina Samiotaki

Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”

J

Jonas Campos

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho

C

Clarissa Waites

Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center

N

Nuno Sousa

Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna

I

Ioannis P. Trougakos

Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

J

Joana M. Silva

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho

A

A. Cristina Rego

Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra

I

Ioannis Sotiropoulos

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho

K

Konstantinos Palikaras

Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens