Systemic inflammatory response index is associated with acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC database

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database, and to evaluate whether SIRI could serve as a potential risk marker associated with post-cardiac surgery AKI. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,884 cardiac surgery patients from the MIMIC-IV database. SIRI was calculated as (neutrophil count × monocyte count)/ lymphocyte count. The primary outcome was AKI occurrence within seven days post-surgery. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to assess the association between SIRI and AKI risk. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate potential effect modifiers. Results Higher SIRI levels were significantly associated with increased AKI risk, even after adjusting for potential confounders (OR for highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77). A dose-response relationship was observed between SIRI and AKI severity (P for trend < 0.001). The association between SIRI and AKI risk was more pronounced in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (OR: 1.261, 95% CI: 1.084–1.467) and those not using loop diuretics (OR: 2.306, 95% CI: 1.200–4.434). Conclusion SIRI showed a modest but significant association with AKI following cardiac surgery. Its integration of multiple inflammatory cell types provided a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory status. The varying strength of association across different patient subgroups suggested the need for individualized risk assessment strategies. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.