Synthetic models of the nitrogenase FeMo cofactor

Y Yun-Yu Xu (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) X Xue-Lian Jiang (Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education) J Jia-Lu Chai (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) S Shu-Juan Qiu (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) J Juan He (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) G Gan Xu (Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution) J Jia Wei (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) Q Qiu-Xiang Yu (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) H Hong-Ying Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) Y Yue Li X Xiao-Wen Zhang (Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States) G Guo-Liang Cao (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University) Y Yong Li Y Yun-Shu Cui (Department of Chemistry) C Cong-Qiao Xu (Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology) J Jun Li X Xu-Dong Chen (State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University)

Abstract

The FeMo cofactor (FeMoco), the key active site in the Mo-based nitrogenase, is one of the most complicated metalloenzyme molecules. Synthesis of the FeMoco model cluster ([MoFe 7 S 9 C]) is essential to understanding its function in dinitrogen binding, activation, and conversion. However, the complex framework of the FeMoco cluster, which features a unique trigonal prismatic [Fe 6 C] moiety comprising a µ 6 -bridging carbide, has made the synthesis of the cluster a persistent challenge. In this work, two analogous mimics of FeMoco have been synthesized, using a cluster-coupling synthetic strategy facilitated by the fabrication of unsaturated ligand/metal coordination. The incorporation of a µ 6 -X (X = C 4− or N 3− ) to construct the characteristic triangular prismatic [Fe 6 ( µ 6 -X)] moiety, replicating that in FeMoco, has been achieved synthetically. The two mimics have similar key structural parameters to FeMoco in natural nitrogenase, but differ from the FeMoco structure in two major aspects: the µ 2 -bridging ligands and the metal atoms capping the [Fe 6 S 9 C] cores (Mo/Fe in FeMoco vs. Mo/Mo or W/W in the synthetic models). Quantum chemical studies indicate that the electronic ground states of these clusters resemble those observed for FeMoco, with maximized antiferromagnetic coupling among the iron centers. A future systematic study on the physical and chemical properties of a family of mimics with programmed variations of key structural elements can provide a valuable comparison and facilitate a better understanding of the structure and function of FeMoco.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 24
Published June 17, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (17)

Y

Yun-Yu Xu

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

X

Xue-Lian Jiang

Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education

J

Jia-Lu Chai

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

S

Shu-Juan Qiu

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

J

Juan He

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

G

Gan Xu

Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution

J

Jia Wei

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

Q

Qiu-Xiang Yu

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

H

Hong-Ying Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

Y

Yue Li

X

Xiao-Wen Zhang

Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States

G

Guo-Liang Cao

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University

Y

Yong Li

Y

Yun-Shu Cui

Department of Chemistry

C

Cong-Qiao Xu

Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology

J

Jun Li

X

Xu-Dong Chen

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University