Synergizing Mass Transfer and Exciton Dissociation in Nanoscale COFs for Efficient H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> Photosynthesis

X Xinman Liu (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China) X Xiyin Zhan (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China) G Guanhua Ren (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis) Z Zhaoxia Wu Z Zhihua Li J Jing Qi (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering) G Guowei Shi K Kaicheng Xu T Tengwu Zeng (School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices) M Miaojie Yu (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China) S Shiqiang Cheng (Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering) H Hongxu Gu (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China) H Haiyang Huang (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering) M Minghui Zhu M Mingyang Xing H Haifeng Wang W Wei‐Hong Zhu (Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Institute of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center For Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China) W Weiwei Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising photocatalysts for solar H 2 O 2 production, but their efficiencies remain insufficient for practical application. A primary limitation stems from the coupled proton–electron transfer in the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e − ORR), which demands photoinduced charge generation and rapid proton delivery—features rarely optimized simultaneously in existing COF architectures. Here we address these bottlenecks by combining nanoscale morphological control with pore‐wall functionalization. Bottom‐up colloidal synthesis produces highly crystalline COF nanospheres that reduce exciton‐diffusion losses and enhance light harvesting and charge generation versus bulk COFs. Meanwhile, carboxylic acid groups incorporated into 1D nanopores tune the microenvironment to promote proton delivery. This unified design delivers an exceptional H 2 O 2 evolution rate of 11246 µmol g −1  h −1 (&gt;sevenfold enhancement over pristine bulk COF), and a solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 2.18% in pure water under air (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm −2 ), among the highest reported for COF‐based photocatalysts. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations reveal the carboxylated pore walls template continuous, oriented hydrogen‐bond chains in confined water, lowering the kinetic barrier for the 2e − ORR pathway. This work establishes a generalizable paradigm for orchestrating coupled proton–electron transfer in porous photocatalysts for efficient solar energy conversion.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 26
Published June 22, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (18)

X

Xinman Liu

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

X

Xiyin Zhan

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

G

Guanhua Ren

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis

Z

Zhaoxia Wu

Z

Zhihua Li

J

Jing Qi

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering

G

Guowei Shi

K

Kaicheng Xu

T

Tengwu Zeng

School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices

M

Miaojie Yu

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

S

Shiqiang Cheng

Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering

H

Hongxu Gu

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Center of Photosensitive Chemicals Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

H

Haiyang Huang

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering

M

Minghui Zhu

M

Mingyang Xing

H

Haifeng Wang

W

Wei‐Hong Zhu

Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Institute of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center For Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

W

Weiwei Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering