Suppression of pair beam instabilities in a laboratory analogue of blazar pair cascades

C Charles D. Arrowsmith (Department of Physics) F Francesco Miniati (Department of Physics) P Pablo J. Bilbao (GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear) P Pascal Simon (European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)) A Archie F. A. Bott (Department of Physics) S Stephane Burger (European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)) H Hui Chen F Filipe D. Cruz (GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear) T Tristan Davenne (Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) A Anthony Dyson (Department of Physics) I Ilias Efthymiopoulos (European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)) D Dustin H. Froula (University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics) A Alice Goillot (European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)) J Jon T. Gudmundsson (Science Institute) D Dan Haberberger (University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics) J Jack W. D. Halliday (Department of Physics) T Tom Hodge (Department of Physics) B Brian T. Huffman (Department of Physics) S Sam Iaquinta (Department of Physics) G G. Marshall (AWE Nuclear Security Technologies) B Brian Reville (Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik) S Subir Sarkar (Department of Physics) A Alexander A. Schekochihin (Department of Physics) L Luis O. Silva (GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear) R Raspberry Simpson (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) V Vasiliki Stergiou (Department of Physics) R Raoul M. G. M. Trines (Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) T Thibault Vieu (Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik) N Nikolaos Charitonidis (European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)) R Robert Bingham (Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) G Gianluca Gregori

Abstract

The generation of dense electron–positron pair beams in the laboratory can enable direct tests of theoretical models of γ -ray bursts and active galactic nuclei. We have successfully achieved this using ultrarelativistic protons accelerated by the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. In the first application of this experimental platform, the stability of the pair beam is studied as it propagates through a meter-length plasma, analogous to TeV γ -ray-induced pair cascades in the intergalactic medium. It has been argued that pair beam instabilities disrupt the cascade, thus accounting for the observed lack of reprocessed GeV emission from TeV blazars. If true, this would remove the need for a moderate strength intergalactic magnetic field to explain the observations. We find that the pair beam instability is suppressed if the beam is not perfectly collimated or monochromatic, hence the lower limit to the intergalactic magnetic field inferred from γ -ray observations of blazars is robust.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 45
Published November 11, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (31)

C

Charles D. Arrowsmith

Department of Physics

F

Francesco Miniati

Department of Physics

P

Pablo J. Bilbao

GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear

P

Pascal Simon

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

A

Archie F. A. Bott

Department of Physics

S

Stephane Burger

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

H

Hui Chen

F

Filipe D. Cruz

GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear

T

Tristan Davenne

Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

A

Anthony Dyson

Department of Physics

I

Ilias Efthymiopoulos

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

D

Dustin H. Froula

University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics

A

Alice Goillot

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

J

Jon T. Gudmundsson

Science Institute

D

Dan Haberberger

University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics

J

Jack W. D. Halliday

Department of Physics

T

Tom Hodge

Department of Physics

B

Brian T. Huffman

Department of Physics

S

Sam Iaquinta

Department of Physics

G

G. Marshall

AWE Nuclear Security Technologies

B

Brian Reville

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik

S

Subir Sarkar

Department of Physics

A

Alexander A. Schekochihin

Department of Physics

L

Luis O. Silva

GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear

R

Raspberry Simpson

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

V

Vasiliki Stergiou

Department of Physics

R

Raoul M. G. M. Trines

Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

T

Thibault Vieu

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik

N

Nikolaos Charitonidis

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

R

Robert Bingham

Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

G

Gianluca Gregori