Sulfur-mediated transformation from osmium nanocrystals to single atoms for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

W Wendan Xue (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) Q Qixing Zhou (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) P Pengfei Wang (Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials) S Sijin Zuo (State of Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University) F Fengxiang Li (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) J Jiwei Jiang (North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing Branch) F Fan Mo (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) C Chuan Yin G Gaolei Liu (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) Z Zhan Ban (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) Y Yuanyuan Wei (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) W Wen An (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) X Xiulin Huang (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University) H Hui Wang S Sihui Zhan (Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University)

Abstract

Osmium (Os)-based catalysts, recognized for their unique chemical and electronic properties along with cost-effectiveness, hold great potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their practical application has long been limited because pure Os exhibits excessively strong adsorption of intermediates and suffers from stability issues. Herein, we report the development of a highly stable catalyst achieved by implanting the sulfur (S) atom into the matrix, facilitating the transformation of Os nanocrystals into Os single atoms. The prepared atomically dispersed Os catalyst (Os-SA@SNC) demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity, requiring only a 13 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 1.0 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, as well as the excellent durability. This performance surpasses that of commercial Pt/C and outperforms most of the reported state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. Theoretical simulations clarify the important role of S atoms in promoting the dispersion and diffusion of Os atoms. Moreover, density functional theory calculations indicate that S atoms adjust the local electronic structure of Os active sites, further facilitating the adsorption/dissociation of H 2 O and optimizing the hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG *H ), thereby accelerating the kinetics of both the Volmer and Heyrovsky steps in alkaline HER. This work revitalizes Os-based catalysts for energy conversion and paves the way for innovative HER catalyst design and application to contaminated soil/water remediation.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 27
Published July 08, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (15)

W

Wendan Xue

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

Q

Qixing Zhou

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

P

Pengfei Wang

Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials

S

Sijin Zuo

State of Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University

F

Fengxiang Li

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

J

Jiwei Jiang

North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing Branch

F

Fan Mo

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

C

Chuan Yin

G

Gaolei Liu

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

Z

Zhan Ban

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

Y

Yuanyuan Wei

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

W

Wen An

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

X

Xiulin Huang

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University

H

Hui Wang

S

Sihui Zhan

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University