Subthreshold depression prevalence and influencing factors among nursing students in vocational schools: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Subthreshold depression (SD) is defined as a subclinical symptomatic state characterized by depressive symptoms that do not meet diagnostic criteria yet still impair quality of life and functioning. The prevalence of this condition is notably high among adolescents. Vocational nursing students, as a vital component of healthcare provision, face a range of pressures. Consequently, the incidence of subthreshold depression among this cohort and its contributing factors warrant careful consideration. Objectives We aimed to investigate the prevalence of subthreshold depression among vocational nursing students in eastern China and to explore the related factors. Methods Purposive sampling was employed to select nursing students from nine vocational colleges in eastern China. Data on respondents’ general characteristics, family type, cognitive attitudes, social support, resilience, personality traits, and depression status were gathered to ascertain the correlation between each variable and the associated factors of subthreshold depression. Multivariable binary logistic regression was utilised to formulate a regression model that elucidated the factors associated with subthreshold depression among vocational nursing students. Results The prevalence rate for subthreshold depression among vocational nursing students was found to be 54.3%. SD students showed relatively unhealthy cognitive attitudes and heightened emotional sensitivity and instability, as well as lower levels of family functioning, social support, and psychological resilience. Logistic regression analysis revealed that among respondents, female gender, DAS and CBF-PI-B-Neuroticism trait were independently and positively associated with SD after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, social support and resilience were independently and negatively associated with SD ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions Students at vocational nursing schools exhibit a relatively high prevalence of subthreshold depression, with multiple contributing factors. Various stakeholders, including the state, communities, hospitals, academic institutions, and families, should develop and share resources to develop relevant programmes to improve the mental health of vocational nursing students in China.