Stratified wind from a super-Eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected
Abstract
Abstract Accretion disks in strong gravity ubiquitously produce winds, seen as blueshifted absorption lines in the X-ray band of both stellar mass X-ray binaries (black holes and neutron stars)1–4 and supermassive black holes5. Some of the most powerful winds (termed Eddington winds) are expected to arise from systems in which radiation pressure is sufficient to unbind material from the inner disk (L ≳ L Edd). These winds should be extremely fast and carry a large amount of kinetic power, which, when associated with supermassive black holes, would make them a prime contender for the feedback mechanism linking the growth of those black holes with their host galaxies6. Here we show the XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, which reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines. This Compton-thick wind significantly attenuates the flux, making it appear faint, although it is intrinsically more luminous than usual (L ≳ L Edd). However, the wind is extremely slow, more consistent with the predictions of thermal-radiative winds launched by X-ray irradiation of the outer disk than with the expected Eddington wind driven by radiation pressure from the inner disk. This puts new constraints on the origin of winds from bright accretion flows in binaries, but also highlights the very different origin required for the ultrafast (v ~ 0.3c) winds seen in recent Resolve observations of a supermassive black hole at a similarly high Eddington ratio7.
Article Details
Authors (134)
Marc Audard
Hisamitsu Awaki
Ralf Ballhausen
Aya Bamba
Ehud Behar
Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin
Laura Brenneman
Gregory V. Brown
Lia Corrales
Elisa Costantini
Renata Cumbee
María Díaz Trigo
Chris Done
Tadayasu Dotani
Ken Ebisawa
Megan Eckart
Dominique Eckert
Teruaki Enoto
Satoshi Eguchi
Yuichiro Ezoe
Adam Foster
Ryuichi Fujimoto
Yutaka Fujita
Yasushi Fukazawa
Kotaro Fukushima
Akihiro Furuzawa
Luigi Gallo
Javier A. García
Liyi Gu
Matteo Guainazzi
Kouichi Hagino
Kenji Hamaguchi
Isamu Hatsukade
Katsuhiro Hayashi
Takayuki Hayashi
Natalie Hell
Edmund Hodges-Kluck
Ann Hornschemeier
Yuto Ichinohe
Manabu Ishida
Kumi Ishikawa
Yoshitaka Ishisaki
Jelle Kaastra
Timothy Kallman
Erin Kara
Satoru Katsuda
Yoshiaki Kanemaru
Richard Kelley
Caroline Kilbourne
Shunji Kitamoto
Shogo Kobayashi
Takayoshi Kohmura
Aya Kubota
Maurice Leutenegger
Michael Loewenstein
Yoshitomo Maeda
Maxim Markevitch
Hironori Matsumoto
Kyoko Matsushita
Dan McCammon
Brian McNamara
François Mernier
Eric D. Miller
Jon M. Miller
Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
Misaki Mizumoto
Tsunefumi Mizuno
Koji Mori
Koji Mukai
Hiroshi Murakami
Richard Mushotzky
Hiroshi Nakajima
Kazuhiro Nakazawa
Jan-Uwe Ness
Kumiko Nobukawa
Masayoshi Nobukawa
Hirofumi Noda
Hirokazu Odaka
Shoji Ogawa
Anna Ogorzalek
Takashi Okajima
Naomi Ota
Stephane Paltani
Robert Petre
Paul Plucinsky
Frederick Scott Porter
Katja Pottschmidt
Kosuke Sato
Toshiki Sato
Makoto Sawada
Hiromi Seta
Megumi Shidatsu
Aurora Simionescu
Randall Smith
Hiromasa Suzuki
Andrew Szymkowiak
Hiromitsu Takahashi
Mai Takeo
Toru Tamagawa
Keisuke Tamura
Takaaki Tanaka
Atsushi Tanimoto
Makoto Tashiro
Yukikatsu Terada
Yuichi Terashima
Yohko Tsuboi
Masahiro Tsujimoto
Hiroshi Tsunemi
Takeshi G. Tsuru
Ayşegül Tümer
Hiroyuki Uchida
Nagomi Uchida
Yuusuke Uchida
Hideki Uchiyama
Yoshihiro Ueda
Shinichiro Uno
Jacco Vink
Shin Watanabe
Brian J. Williams
Satoshi Yamada
Shinya Yamada
Hiroya Yamaguchi
Kazutaka Yamaoka
Noriko Yamasaki
Makoto Yamauchi
Shigeo Yamauchi
Tahir Yaqoob
Tomokage Yoneyama
Tessei Yoshida
Mihoko Yukita
Irina Zhuravleva
Joey Neilsen
Ryota Tomaru
Missagh Mehdipour