Stern–Gerlach deflection of cryogenically cold polyatomic molecules in superfluid nanodroplets

B Benjamin S. Kamerin (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,) T Thomas H. Villers (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,) J John W. Niman (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,) J Jiahao Liang A Angel I. Pena Dominguez (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,) V Vitaly V. Kresin (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,)

Abstract

Beam deflection is capable of providing valuable information about the magnetic moments of molecules and clusters and about the relaxation dynamics of their spins. However, observations have been hampered by magnetic couplings to excited vibrational and rotational states of polyatomic systems, which are challenging to control, characterize, and systematize. In this work, we carried out deflection measurements on superfluid helium nanodroplets doped with high-spin FeCl2 and CoCl2 molecules and their complexes. This enabled quantitative determination of the magnetic moments of molecules and clusters at extremely low, and fully defined, temperature of all of their degrees of freedom. The spin magnetic moments become thermalized and oriented along the applied field. Dimers and trimers are found to be antiferromagnetically ordered. The issue of rates and mechanisms of molecular spin relaxation within the cryogenic helium matrix is highlighted.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 163, Issue 6
Published August 14, 2025
ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

The Journal of Chemical Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-9606 Physical Sciences

Authors (6)

B

Benjamin S. Kamerin

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,

T

Thomas H. Villers

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,

J

John W. Niman

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,

J

Jiahao Liang

A

Angel I. Pena Dominguez

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,

V

Vitaly V. Kresin

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0484,