Steering Ethylene Electrosynthesis by Controlling Interfacial Water Orientation

X Xinning Song (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) L Libing Zhang (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) X Xiaodong Ma (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) L Limin Wu (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) X Xingxing Tan (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) W Weixiang Li (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) C Chaofeng Zheng (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) S Shunhan Jia (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) R Ruhan Wang (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) X Xing Tong (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) Q Qingli Qian (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) J Jiao Mu (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Huairou Research Center) R Rongjuan Feng (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) L Lin Hu (The High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science) X Xiaolong Wang X Xiaofu Sun (Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry) B Buxing Han (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Controlling reaction pathway via solvent polarization dynamics remains a grand challenge in catalysis due to elusive interfacial kinetic regulation mechanisms. Here, we resolve this dilemma by establishing interfacial water orientation that directly couples H 2 O polarization with reaction pathway bifurcation. Using electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction as a typical platform, we demonstrate that precisely engineered H‐down water alignment, achieved via adaptive subsurface tuning (AST) strategy of Ga‐doped Cu catalysts, dynamically regulates proton transfer directionality and intermediate stabilization. The optimized Ga/Cu catalyst achieved a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 68.8% for ethylene at 800 mA cm −2 , surpassing ethanol production by 8.2‐fold, and the current density was among the highest reported for catalysts with high ethylene FE. Detailed experimental studies and theoretical calculations corroborate that H‐down alignment enhanced *H availability, directing protons to selectively cleave the C─O bond of *CHCOH intermediates over hydrogenation pathways, yielding high ethylene FE and current density. These findings establish interfacial water orientation as a pivotal descriptor for steering C─C coupling selectivity in electrocatalysis, offering a rational design principle for efficient electroreduction systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 11
Published March 09, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (17)

X

Xinning Song

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

L

Libing Zhang

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

X

Xiaodong Ma

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

L

Limin Wu

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

X

Xingxing Tan

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

W

Weixiang Li

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

C

Chaofeng Zheng

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

S

Shunhan Jia

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

R

Ruhan Wang

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

X

Xing Tong

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

Q

Qingli Qian

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

J

Jiao Mu

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Huairou Research Center

R

Rongjuan Feng

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

L

Lin Hu

The High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science

X

Xiaolong Wang

X

Xiaofu Sun

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry

B

Buxing Han

Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,