Spatial and neighborhood data in the collaborative cohort of cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R)
Abstract
Neighborhood factors, encompassing social, built, and natural environments, may explain geographic differences in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on populations. Data from pre-existing national, population-based cohorts could be leveraged to better understand how pre-existing conditions (both individual and neighborhood) contribute to risk factor development and disease progression. We catalogued spatial and neighborhood data in the Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R), comprising 14 diverse US cohorts (>50,000 participants). The C4R sample is generally spatially and socially representative of the overall nation, with C4R’s calculated spatial coverage representing 28% of US land area and 52% of the total US population. However, C4R (vs. non C4R) areas were more urban, wealthy, with more foreign-born residents, and less car-dependent with lower proportion employed and green. Twelve cohorts collected neighborhood characteristics – most commonly social environment data on neighborhood socioeconomic status– based on participants’ addresses. The most common built environment measures were related to food access, followed by other destination-based measures such as walkability. Natural environment data were available in the fewest cohorts, with emphasis on air quality or greenspace. This work provides clarity on available neighborhood and spatial data and facilitates future harmonization of data from C4R cohorts. Ultimately, this may enable future longitudinal and comparative analyses of neighborhood influences on COVID-19.
Article Details
Authors (53)
Jana A. Hirsch
Lilah M. Besser
Marcia Pescador Jimenez
Stephen T. Dickinson
Talea Cornelius
Stephen T. Francisco
Katherine Lawin
Hoda S. Abdel Magid
Sandra S. Albrecht
Norrina Bai Allen
Pallavi Balte
Sharrelle Barber
Lori A. Bateman
Lauren B. Beach
Jason P. Block
Scott C. Brown
Russell G. Buhr
Earle C. Chambers
James L. Crooks
Ana V. Diez Roux
Mitchell S. V. Elkind
Linda C. Gallo
Penny Gordon-Larsen
Jose Gutierrez
Carmen R. Isasi
Peter James
Suzanne E. Judd
Alka M. Kanaya
Namratha R. Kandula
Joel D. Kaufman
Kiarri N. Kershaw
Anna M. Kucharska-Newton
Erin R. Kulick
Joyce S. Lee
Gina S. Lovasi
Dave Mauger
Leslie A. McClure
Steven Melly
Sharon Stein Merkin
Yvonne L. Michael
Gabriela R. Oates
Brenda R. Phillips
Jessica A. Reese
Elizabeth A. Regan
Cameron J. Reimer
Daniel A. Rodriguez
Tatjana Rundek
Michael Schembri
Mario Sims
Nicole L. Spartano
Carla Wilson
Brigham andWomen’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Yiyi Zhang
Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology
Elizabeth C. Oelsner