Solar Powered Electric Vehicle with Battery Swapping System

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as a sustainable alternative to traditional fuel-powered vehicles, offering lower emissions and reduced environmental impact. However, EVs still face major limitations such as long charging times, restricted driving range, and heavy dependence on the electrical grid. These issues lead to range anxiety among users and limit the wider adoption of electric vehicles. This project introduces a solar-powered electric vehicle with a dual-battery swapping system to overcome these challenges. The design uses one battery to power the vehicle while the second battery charges through solar energy. An ESP32 microcontroller monitors each battery’s voltage, current, and temperature, and automatically switches between batteries when the charge level falls below a set threshold. The proposed system minimizes downtime, reduces grid dependency, and promotes the use of renewable energy for charging. It also ensures better efficiency, extended range, and longer battery life. This approach provides a smart, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solution suitable for future sustainable transportation systems.