Socio-cultural components related to the cropping, harvesting, and consumption of guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes) in Amazonian Kichwa communities

Abstract

Guayusa ( Ilex guayusa Loes) is an Amazonian plant whose leaves contain chemical compounds with therapeutic and energizing properties. For the Kichwa nationality in Napo province, Ecuador, guayusa has traditionally been a fundamental part of their culture. Over the last decade, the export market for the plant has grown, leading to changes in its cropping, management, and use. Using qualitative methods, this study aims to identify and describe practices and beliefs regarding the planting, harvesting, brewing, and benefits of guayusa among Kichwa families today. The analysis shows that Kichwa families maintain some ancestral crop management practices and knowledge of guayusa’s benefits, although its consumption in family and ceremonial contexts has changed. Guayusa consumption now extends beyond familiar and ceremonial spaces and is prepared in various ways. Practices like dream analysis or punishment with tobacco and chili when drinking guayusa are now rare, while Guayusa’s benefits, including its energizing effects and ability to relieve sleepiness, laziness, body aches, and hunger, are highly valued. This study is a pioneer in considering the guayusa plant from a holistic perspective that takes into consideration not only the current socio-cultural aspects related to the plant but also its relationship with the chakra system.