Site‐Selective Peptide and Protein Functionalization with Cyclopropenium Cations

A Adriana Faraone (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain) M Matteo Balletti (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain) A Aliénor Jeandin (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain) H Hang‐Fei Tu (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain) V Viktoria A. Ikonnikova (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain) L Laura S. Sojka (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain) M Marcos G. Suero (Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

Abstract

Abstract In the realm of organic chemistry, carbocations play a pivotal role as highly reactive intermediates in the synthesis of complex molecules. While cyclase enzymes construct terpenoid natural products through carbocation intermediates, the use of these electrophilic reactive species for peptide and protein bioconjugation in aqueous media remains unexplored. Herein, we disclose the discovery and development of a new chemical modification of peptides and proteins with aromatic cyclopropenium cations, selective at cysteine residues. The bioconjugation is fast, operationally simple, and occurs at low concentration in aqueous media, allowing for the installation of a tetrasubstituted cyclopropene ring with excellent site selectivity. Moreover, the cyclopropenylation is preferential to internal cysteines, thus complementing current methodologies for selective terminal cysteine bioconjugation. These studies further showcased the bioconjugates' utility as radical traps in a thiol–ene process, enabling the formation of cyclopropane‐linked conjugates.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 64, Issue 52
Published December 22, 2025
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (7)

A

Adriana Faraone

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain

M

Matteo Balletti

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain

A

Aliénor Jeandin

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain

H

Hang‐Fei Tu

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain

V

Viktoria A. Ikonnikova

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain

L

Laura S. Sojka

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain

M

Marcos G. Suero

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain