Single-cell profiling of ANKRD26 thrombocytopenia reveals progenitor expansion and polyploid apoptosis via JUNB-p21

L Li Chen L Lanyue Hu (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) X Xiaofan Liu X Xiaojie Wang (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University) C Chengning Tan (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) M Maoshan Chen X Xiaoting Yin (State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) W Wuchen Yang Z Zhenxing Yang Y Yang Xiang Y Yanni Xiao (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) L Lixin Xiang (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) X Xiaoliang Li J Jiuxuan Li (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) W Weiwei Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering) X Xueying Wang (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.) C Chuanchuan Lin (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) Y Yangyang Zhang (Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China) W Wanling Gou (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) Y Yangzhou Jiang (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) T Teng Yu R Renchi Yang (State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) S Shengwen Calvin Li (6Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Rady Children’s Health, Orange, CA) Q Qian Ran (1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China) Z Zhongjun Li (State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing China)

Abstract

Abstract ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2) is a rare inherited platelet disorder caused by germ line variants in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of ANKRD26. Although prior studies using in vitro models or isolated case reports have suggested impaired megakaryopoiesis as a central mechanism, detailed insights have remained elusive, primarily due to the rarity, fragility, and heterogeneity of megakaryocytes (MKs). Here, we present a comprehensive, crossvalidated analysis of bone marrow samples from 4 independent patients with THC2, integrating single-cell transcriptomics and ex vivo functional profiling. Across all patients, we analyzed CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs; 47 281 THC2 HSPCs vs 51 907 control cells) and primary MKs (pMKs; 7309 THC2 pMKs vs 5077 control cells), uncovering a consistent pattern of MK progenitors (MkP) expansion and a marked reduction in polyploid MKs, indicating a conserved pathophysiologic phenotype. In our index patient, we identified the 5′ UTR single-nucleotide variant in ANKRD26 that led to significantly elevated expression across 4 MK lineage subsets, spanning multipotent progenitors, common myeloid progenitors, MK-erythroid progenitors, and MkP as well as in terminally enriched pMKs. Confocal imaging localized ANKRD26 to the centrosome, implicating it in mitotic regulation during MK maturation. Mechanistically, we discovered that elevated ANKRD26 induces apoptosis in polyploid MKs via JUNB-mediated transcriptional activation of CDKN1A (p21), operating independently of the canonical p53-PIDDosome axis. This multipatient study provided the most comprehensive cellular and molecular portrait of ANKRD26-driven thrombocytopenia to date, offering novel insights into defective megakaryopoiesis and identifying candidate therapeutic targets to restore platelet production.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 147, Issue 17
Published April 23, 2026
Pages 1984-1998
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (25)

L

Li Chen

L

Lanyue Hu

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

X

Xiaofan Liu

X

Xiaojie Wang

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University

C

Chengning Tan

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

M

Maoshan Chen

X

Xiaoting Yin

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

W

Wuchen Yang

Z

Zhenxing Yang

Y

Yang Xiang

Y

Yanni Xiao

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

L

Lixin Xiang

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

X

Xiaoliang Li

J

Jiuxuan Li

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

W

Weiwei Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering

X

Xueying Wang

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

C

Chuanchuan Lin

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

Y

Yangyang Zhang

Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China

W

Wanling Gou

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

Y

Yangzhou Jiang

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

T

Teng Yu

R

Renchi Yang

State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

S

Shengwen Calvin Li

6Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Rady Children’s Health, Orange, CA

Q

Qian Ran

1Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

Z

Zhongjun Li

State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing China