Sharpened Dirac Cone and Elevated Carrier Mobility in Bi ₄ Te ₃ Engineered by a High [Bi ₂ ] Bilayer Content for Thermoelectrics

Abstract

ABSTRACT The [Bi 2 ] m [Bi 2 Te 3 ] n family features a natural heterostructure of metallic [Bi 2 ] bilayers (BL) and topological insulator [Bi 2 Te 3 ] quintuple layers (QL). We demonstrate that increasing the BL ratio (( m /( m + n ))) enhances key thermoelectric properties. Bi 4 Te 3 ( m = 3; n = 3) exhibits a sharpened Dirac cone and a high carrier mobility (117 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) twice that of Bi 1 Te 1 ( m = 1; n = 2). This stems from strengthened σ ‐bonding interlayer coupling, which reduces the carrier effective mass. Concurrently, the abundant [Bi 2 ]‐BL lower Te vacancy formation energy, suppressing electron carrier concentration and synergistically boosting the Seebeck coefficient. This work provides the first direct experimental and theoretical evidence for the sharpening of the Dirac cone via a metallic [Bi 2 ] bilayer engineering strategy. It addresses the key limitations of Bi 1 Te 1 , and the established structure‐property relationship, together with the metallic [Bi 2 ]‐BL engineering strategy for sharpening the Dirac cone, further offers valuable insights for the rational design of thermoelectric materials and performance optimization across the entire Bi/Te material family.