Sensitivity assessment of 4.8 <i>μ</i>m cutoff GaInAsSbBi <i>nBn</i> photodetectors for mid-wave infrared sensing applications

R Rigo A. Carrasco (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,) P Preston T. Webster (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,) A Alexander T. Newell (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,) C Christopher P. Hains (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,) J Joshua M. Duran (Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate 3 , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433,) G Gamini Ariyawansa (Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate 3 , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433,) A Aaron J. Muhowski (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Austin 2 , Austin, Texas 78758,) V Victor J. Patel (Sandia National Laboratories 4 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117,) S Samuel D. Hawkins (Sandia National Laboratories 4 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185,) Z Zinah M. Alsaad (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,) J Julie V. Logan (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,) C Christian P. Morath (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,) D Diana Maestas (Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,)

Abstract

GaInAsSbBi nBn photodetectors are grown lattice-matched on GaSb by molecular beam epitaxy. Device structures exhibit smooth surface morphologies, minority carrier lifetimes on the order of 0.5 μs at 130 K, and demonstrate a 4.8 μm wavelength cutoff, a 0.3 μm cutoff extension to a Bi-free GaInAsSb nBn counterpart. Dark current and quantum efficiency measurements of the nBn provide a 3–5 μm in-band shot-noise-limited noise-equivalent irradiance that is ∼12× the Rule 07 reference in which unity quantum efficiency is assumed. The analysis of the device behavior indicates that detector performance is limited by the valence band alignment at the barrier/active region interface, which imparts a barrier to photocollection at lower operating biases and leads to a significant reduction in the quantum efficiency with decreasing temperature. While more investigation is required to optimize the valence band alignment, the results in these detectors indicate that performance comparable to Rule 07 is within reach.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 138, Issue 12
Published September 28, 2025
ISSN 0021-8979
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Journal of Applied Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-8979 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

R

Rigo A. Carrasco

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,

P

Preston T. Webster

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,

A

Alexander T. Newell

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,

C

Christopher P. Hains

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,

J

Joshua M. Duran

Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate 3 , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433,

G

Gamini Ariyawansa

Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate 3 , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433,

A

Aaron J. Muhowski

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Austin 2 , Austin, Texas 78758,

V

Victor J. Patel

Sandia National Laboratories 4 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117,

S

Samuel D. Hawkins

Sandia National Laboratories 4 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185,

Z

Zinah M. Alsaad

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,

J

Julie V. Logan

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB 1 , New Mexico 87117,

C

Christian P. Morath

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,

D

Diana Maestas

Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate 2 , Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117,