Self‐Spiking Linear Neuromorphic Soft Pressure Sensor for Underwater Sensing Applications

J Jingyi Yang S Si Li (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering) H Hian Hian See (Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore) K Kelu Yu A Aeree kim J Jacob Kaihong Lim (Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore) B Benjamin Tse (Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore) S Shiwei Yang Y Yan Zhi Tan (Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore) X Xinzhi Zhang X Xuanyi Zhou (Evolution Innovation Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore) Q Quan Xiong (Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore) Y Yi En Kou (Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore) L Linkun Liu (Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore) E Eng Wei Goh (Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore) M Marcelo H. Ang (Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore) R Raye Chen‐Hua Yeow (Evolution Innovation Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore) B Benjamin C. K. Tee

Abstract

Abstract Many aquatic vertebrates rely on neuromasts in their lateral line system to detect water vibrations and pressure gradients. These neuromasts contain specialized hair cells that function as mechanoreceptors, converting mechanical stimuli into electric signals for brain processing. While neuromorphic sensors can emulate biologic sensory systems, they are facing significant challenges in underwater stability and complex data processing. Here, a bioinspired neuromorphic soft pressure sensor designed for stable underwater performance and simplified signal processing is proposed. This is achieved through a novel integration of micro‐magnetic spheres, a microfluidic channel, and alternating coil connections. This sensor exhibits self‐spiking behavior upon applied force with high linearity ( R 2  = 0.997) in response to pressure changes up to 200 kPa. The proposed mechanism generates distinct magnetic action potentials via its alternating coil design, enabling efficient signal processing. This artificial neuromast achieves 92.19% accuracy in game control applications and 94.71% accuracy in underwater object recognition using machine learning. Additionally, the sensor was validated in both experimental ocean basins and open‐sea environments, confirming its potential for underwater robotics, ocean environmental monitoring, and marine industrial applications.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 37, Issue 50
Published December 01, 2025
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (18)

J

Jingyi Yang

S

Si Li

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

H

Hian Hian See

Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

K

Kelu Yu

A

Aeree kim

J

Jacob Kaihong Lim

Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore

B

Benjamin Tse

Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore

S

Shiwei Yang

Y

Yan Zhi Tan

Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

X

Xinzhi Zhang

X

Xuanyi Zhou

Evolution Innovation Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore

Q

Quan Xiong

Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore

Y

Yi En Kou

Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

L

Linkun Liu

Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

E

Eng Wei Goh

Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

M

Marcelo H. Ang

Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

R

Raye Chen‐Hua Yeow

Evolution Innovation Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119276 Singapore

B

Benjamin C. K. Tee