Self-reinforcing IL-1β signaling accelerates the development and recurrence of <i>TCF3</i> :: <i>HLF</i> -positive B-ALL

A Aisa Suzuki (1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan) T Tsukasa Shigehiro (1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan) M Mayumi Hirakawa (1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan) R Risa Hirano (1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan) M Minori Tamai (2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan) K Koshi Akahane (2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan) K Kazuo Okamoto (Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan) H Hiroshi Takayanagi Y Yuya Terashima (5Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Japan) S Satoshi Ueha (Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Tokyo University of Science) T Toshimori Kitami (6Laboratory for Metabolic Networks, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan) M Masatoshi Takagi D Dai Keino (8Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan) K Keisuke Kato (9Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Ibaraki Prefectural Children’s Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan) H Hiroshi Kawaguchi (10Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan) M Moeko Hino (11Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan) A Akihiko Yoshimura T Takeshi Inukai T Tomokatsu Ikawa (1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan)

Abstract

Abstract The TCF3::HLF fusion protein defines a highly aggressive and incurable subtype of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Using a newly established mouse model that faithfully recapitulates human TCF3::HLF B-ALL, including osteolytic bone lesions, we identified self-reinforcing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling networks as a central driver of disease progression. TCF3::HLF B-ALL cells displayed marked upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B, IL6, and IFNG. Genetic deletion of IL1B or its receptor IL1R1 suppressed leukemic growth, reduced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, and ameliorated bone destruction in vivo. Epigenetic profiling revealed a previously unrecognized intronic regulatory element within the IL1B locus bound directly by TCF3::HLF. Importantly, single-cell RNA sequencing of patient samples demonstrated strong IL1B induction at relapse compared with diagnosis, underscoring its clinical relevance. Collectively, these findings establish the TCF3::HLF–IL-1β axis as a critical determinant of leukemic propagation and bone pathology and highlight IL-1β blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy for this otherwise incurable leukemia.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 147, Issue 21
Published May 21, 2026
Pages 2472-2488
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (19)

A

Aisa Suzuki

1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan

T

Tsukasa Shigehiro

1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan

M

Mayumi Hirakawa

1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan

R

Risa Hirano

1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan

M

Minori Tamai

2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan

K

Koshi Akahane

2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan

K

Kazuo Okamoto

Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

H

Hiroshi Takayanagi

Y

Yuya Terashima

5Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Japan

S

Satoshi Ueha

Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Tokyo University of Science

T

Toshimori Kitami

6Laboratory for Metabolic Networks, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan

M

Masatoshi Takagi

D

Dai Keino

8Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

K

Keisuke Kato

9Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Ibaraki Prefectural Children’s Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan

H

Hiroshi Kawaguchi

10Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

M

Moeko Hino

11Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

A

Akihiko Yoshimura

T

Takeshi Inukai

T

Tomokatsu Ikawa

1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan