<scp>l</scp> -Carnitine regulates regeneration of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

H Honglin Duan (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) B Bohong Wang Y Yawei Zheng (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) Y Yanling Lv T Ting Lu (Centre for Future Materials, School of Science, Engineering and Digital Technologies) H Haoyuan Li (Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Friedman Brain Institute) P Pujiao Li (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) R Ruonan Li (State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China) X Xiaowei Xie Z Zining Yang (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) G Guohuan Sun (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) X Xiangnan Zhao (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) M Meng Yang Y Yicheng He C Chang Xu (Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, P. R. China) S Shuangshuang Pu (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) L Linmin Zhang (1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China) J Jun Shi E Erlie Jiang T Tao Cheng (Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies) Z Zeping Hu H Hui Cheng

Abstract

Abstract Understanding how metabolism governs human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) function is essential for advancing regenerative therapies, yet direct metabolic profiling of human HSCs has been limited by their extreme scarcity and the technical limitations of conventional methods. Here, we applied a low-input mass spectrometry–based metabolomics platform, optimized for rare cell populations, to generate metabolic profiles of 13 immunophenotypically defined hematopoietic cell types from adult human bone marrow. Using as few as ∼10 000 cells per sample, we detected &amp;gt;80 metabolites and uncovered both conserved metabolic programs in primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and lineage-specific metabolic specializations. Of note, we identified l-carnitine–driven fatty acid oxidation as a key metabolic feature supporting HSPC function. Mechanistically, l-carnitine activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha–transcription factor EB signaling axis, promoting mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy to preserve regenerative capacity. Functional assays in primary CD34+ HSPCs derived from healthy donors or patients with aplastic anemia confirm that l-carnitine supplementation improves stem cell function ex vivo and in vivo. This work provides a foundation for human hematopoietic metabolism and reveals a targetable metabolic circuit governing HSPC regenerative fitness with therapeutic potential for improving stem cell–based interventions.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 148, Issue 6
Published August 06, 2026
Pages 693-709
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (22)

H

Honglin Duan

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

B

Bohong Wang

Y

Yawei Zheng

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

Y

Yanling Lv

T

Ting Lu

Centre for Future Materials, School of Science, Engineering and Digital Technologies

H

Haoyuan Li

Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Friedman Brain Institute

P

Pujiao Li

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

R

Ruonan Li

State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China

X

Xiaowei Xie

Z

Zining Yang

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

G

Guohuan Sun

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

X

Xiangnan Zhao

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

M

Meng Yang

Y

Yicheng He

C

Chang Xu

Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, P. R. China

S

Shuangshuang Pu

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

L

Linmin Zhang

1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China

J

Jun Shi

E

Erlie Jiang

T

Tao Cheng

Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies

Z

Zeping Hu

H

Hui Cheng