RORγt-expressing dendritic cells are functionally versatile and evolutionarily conserved antigen-presenting cells

H Hamsa Narasimhan (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) M Maria L. Richter (Biomedical Center, Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) R Ramin Shakiba (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) N Nikos E. Papaioannou (Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) C Christina Stehle (Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) K Kaushikk Ravi Rengarajan (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) I Isabel Ulmert (Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark) A Arek Kendirli (Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) C Clara de la Rosa (Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) P Pin-Yu Kuo (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) A Abigail Altman (Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University) P Philipp Münch (Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie), University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz) S Saba Mahboubi (Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie), University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz) V Vanessa Küntzel (Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) A Amina Sayed (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) E Eva-Lena Stange (Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital) J Jonas Pes (Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital) A Alina Ulezko Antonova (Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine) C Carlos-Filipe Pereira (Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University) L Ludger Klein (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) D Diana Dudziak (Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital of the Friedrich-Schiller-University) M Marco Colonna N Natalia Torow (Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital) M Mathias W. Hornef (Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital) B Björn E. Clausen (Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (Forschungszentrum Informatik), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz) M Martin Kerschensteiner (Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich) K Katharina Lahl (Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark) C Chiara Romagnani (Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) M Maria Colomé-Tatché B Barbara U. Schraml (Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich)

Abstract

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that integrate signals from their environment allowing them to direct situation-adapted immunity. Thereby they harbor great potential for being targeted in vaccination, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, we use fate mapping, functional analyses, and comparative cross-species transcriptomics to show that RORγt + DCs are a conserved, functionally versatile, and transcriptionally distinct type of DCs. RORγt + DCs entail various populations described in different contexts including Janus cells/RORγt-expressing extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs), subtypes of Thetis cells, RORγt + -DC (R-DC) like cells, cDC2C and ACY3 + DCs. We show that in response to inflammatory triggers, RORγt + DCs can migrate to lymph nodes and in the spleen can activate naïve CD4 + T cells. These findings expand the functional repertoire of RORγt + DCs beyond the known role of eTACs and Thetis cells in inducing T cell tolerance to self-antigens and intestinal microbes in mice. We further show that RORγt + DCs with proinflammatory features accumulate in autoimmune neuroinflammation in mice and men. Thus, our work establishes RORγt + DCs as immune sentinel cells that exhibit a broad functional spectrum ranging from inducing peripheral T cell tolerance to T cell activation depending on signals they integrate from their environment.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 9
Published March 04, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (30)

H

Hamsa Narasimhan

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

M

Maria L. Richter

Biomedical Center, Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

R

Ramin Shakiba

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

N

Nikos E. Papaioannou

Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

C

Christina Stehle

Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin

K

Kaushikk Ravi Rengarajan

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

I

Isabel Ulmert

Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark

A

Arek Kendirli

Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

C

Clara de la Rosa

Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

P

Pin-Yu Kuo

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

A

Abigail Altman

Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University

P

Philipp Münch

Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie), University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz

S

Saba Mahboubi

Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie), University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz

V

Vanessa Küntzel

Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

A

Amina Sayed

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

E

Eva-Lena Stange

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital

J

Jonas Pes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital

A

Alina Ulezko Antonova

Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine

C

Carlos-Filipe Pereira

Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University

L

Ludger Klein

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

D

Diana Dudziak

Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital of the Friedrich-Schiller-University

M

Marco Colonna

N

Natalia Torow

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital

M

Mathias W. Hornef

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital

B

Björn E. Clausen

Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (Forschungszentrum Informatik), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz

M

Martin Kerschensteiner

Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

K

Katharina Lahl

Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark

C

Chiara Romagnani

Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin

M

Maria Colomé-Tatché

B

Barbara U. Schraml

Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich