Room‐Temperature Gas‐Phase CO <sub>2</sub> ‐to‐C <sub>3</sub> Coupling by a 4 <i>f</i> ‐Aromatic Cluster

F Feng‐Xiang Zhang (Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China) X Xiao‐Wang Li (Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China) N Ning‐Zheng Li (Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China) S Sheng‐Gui He (Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China) Y Yu‐Chen Zhang (Center of Basic Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China) L Li‐Li Xing (Energy and Power Engineering Institute Henan University of Science and Technology Henan China) D Donald G. Truhlar (Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute) J Jia‐Bi Ma (Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Room‐temperature conversion of CO 2 into value‐added multi‐carbon products (C 3 or C 3+ species) remains a major challenge due to poor selectivity and limited C−C coupling pathways. Using mass spectrometry, photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and density functional calculations, we identify the 4 f ‐metalla‐aromatic anion PrB 2 C 2 − , which—despite lacking a C─C bond—exhibits σ and π double aromaticity involving a 4 f atom. We show that PrB 2 C 2 − reacts with CO 2 at room temperature to generate C 3 B 2 O 2 − with a C─C─C backbone. The C 3 ‐chain formation occurs in three stages involving two distinct C−C coupling steps enabled by flexible Pr− X bonding ( X = B, C, O) and Pr‐centered electron shuttling. The unique structure of PrB 2 C 2 − directs CO 2 activation toward C─C─C coupling rather than CO release. These findings deepen the understanding of f ‐block‐mediated small‐molecule activation and provide a new and tailored route for producing products with C─C bonds via CO 2 conversion.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 22
Published May 25, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

F

Feng‐Xiang Zhang

Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

X

Xiao‐Wang Li

Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

N

Ning‐Zheng Li

Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

S

Sheng‐Gui He

Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Y

Yu‐Chen Zhang

Center of Basic Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China

L

Li‐Li Xing

Energy and Power Engineering Institute Henan University of Science and Technology Henan China

D

Donald G. Truhlar

Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute

J

Jia‐Bi Ma

Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China