Renal cancer mortality and disability worldwide: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease (1990–2021).

Abstract

e16509 Background: Renal cancer (RC) is a major contributor of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with significant regional disparities. Understanding global trends is necessary to provide an insight into the changing burden of RC as well as identify heightened-risk populations. Methods: Data were systematically extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study for the period 1990 to 2021. Metrics analyzed included age-standardized death rates (ASDR), Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), Years of Life Lost (YLL), and Years Lived with Disability (YLD). The data were evaluated globally and stratified by individual countries to identify regions with the highest increasing or decreasing trends. Analysis was conducted using R to determine average annual percentage changes (AAPC). Results: Globally, the ASDR for renal cancer showed a slight decline over the study period, decreasing from 1.99 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 2.06 to 1.91) in 1990 to 1.91 (AAPC: -0.14, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.21 to -0.07) in 2021. In the geographical analysis of 203 countries, Cabo Verde showed the highest increase in ASDR with an AAPC of 8.97, followed by Mongolia (4.53), Bulgaria (4.14), and Turkmenistan (3.93). In contrast, significant declines in ASDR were observed in Srilanka (-6.62), Mauritius (-1.82), Sweden (-1.49), and Maldives (-1.05). The global DALYs rate also decreased over the same period from 53.02 (95% UI: 54.93 to 50.96) per 100,000 people in 1990 and to 47.33 (AAPC: -0.37, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.30) per 100,000 people in 2021. The greatest increase in DALYs was observed in Cabo Verde (AAPC: 7.94), Mongolia (4.82) Bulgaria (3.98), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (2.52), while Srilanka (-6.82), Sweden (-1.86), Mauritius (-1.82), and Finland (-1.06) saw the most notable declines. Similarly, YLL decreased from 51.52 (95% UI: 53.19 to 49.61) per 100,000 in 1990 to 45.49 (AAPC: -0.41, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.34) per 100,000 people in 2021. Cabo Verde again exhibited the largest increase in YLL (AAPC: 7.91), followed by Mongolia (4.81), Bulgaria (3.96), and Turkmenistan (3.46). Meanwhile, countries like Sri Lanka (-6.87), Sweden (-1.90), Austria (-1.50), and Finland (-1.12) showed a decline in YLL rates. Finally, the global YLD rates rose slightly from 1.50 (95% UI: 1.96 to 1.10) in 1999 to 1.83 (AAPC:0.72, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.87) in 2021. The highest increase in YLL was observed in Cabo Verde (AAPC:9.39), Mongolia (5.73), Turkmenistan (4.04), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (3.74). In contrast, countries like Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Sweden, and the USA experienced declining YLD rates. Conclusions: We observed a global decline in RC-related deaths over the study period. Countries like Cabo Verde showed a persistent increase and Sri Lanka, a constant decrease in ASDR, DALY, YLL, and YLD over the years. This highlights the importance of tailored interventions especially in countries with increasing trends.