Regulation of the immune CD155–CD226–TIGIT axis by cyclin D-CDK4/6

A Anne Fassl (Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) M Miriam Palacios Espinoza (Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) D Deborah Butter (Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) A Aleksandra Kolodziejczyk (Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) M Marco Seehawer (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) C Charlotte Hill (Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School) X Xiaohan Ning (Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.) T Timothy B. Branigan (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) J Johany Peñailillo (Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School) C Charupong Saengboonmee H Heta Jadhav (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) K Krzysztof W. Kotowski (Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) L Louis-Marie Charbonnier (Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School) A Adrienne G. Waks (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) C Corinne Strawser (Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine) D Donald P. McDonnell (Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine) G Geoffrey I. Shapiro S Sara M. Tolaney (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) K Kornelia Polyak (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) S Sarah Sammons (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) K Kai W. Wucherpfennig (Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.) P Piotr Sicinski (Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)

Abstract

Cyclin D-CDK4/6 is a component of mammalian cell-cycle machinery that drives cell proliferation. Small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 have been approved for treatment of breast cancer patients. In addition to halting cell-cycle progression, inhibition of CDK4/6 can affect other tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic functions. Here, we examined the impact of CDK4/6 inhibition on the CD155–CD226–TIGIT pathway that operates at the interface of tumor cells and the immune environment. We demonstrate that inhibition of CDK4/6 upregulates the expression of surface CD155 protein in cancer cells and downregulates an immuno-inhibitory receptor TIGIT in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We observed these effects in human breast cancer cell lines, in mouse mammary carcinoma allograft models, in freshly resected human breast tumors and in paired pre-/on-treatment biopsies of breast cancers from patients undergoing monotherapy with a CDK4/6 inhibitor. We propose that inhibition of CDK4/6, through its tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic effects, may shift the balance from the immunoinhibitory CD155–TIGIT to the immunostimulatory CD155–CD226 interaction, and through this mechanism may augment the antitumor immunity. Our results suggest that coadministration of CDK4/6 inhibitors and anti-TIGIT antibodies may further promote CD155–CD226-signaling and may have a strong synergistic antitumor effect.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 12
Published March 24, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (22)

A

Anne Fassl

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

M

Miriam Palacios Espinoza

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

D

Deborah Butter

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

A

Aleksandra Kolodziejczyk

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

M

Marco Seehawer

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

C

Charlotte Hill

Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School

X

Xiaohan Ning

Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

T

Timothy B. Branigan

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

J

Johany Peñailillo

Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School

C

Charupong Saengboonmee

H

Heta Jadhav

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

K

Krzysztof W. Kotowski

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

L

Louis-Marie Charbonnier

Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School

A

Adrienne G. Waks

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

C

Corinne Strawser

Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine

D

Donald P. McDonnell

Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine

G

Geoffrey I. Shapiro

S

Sara M. Tolaney

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

K

Kornelia Polyak

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

S

Sarah Sammons

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

K

Kai W. Wucherpfennig

Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

P

Piotr Sicinski

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute