Reducing Energetic Disorder for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Low Urbach Energy by in Situ NH <sub>3</sub> Generation
Abstract
Abstract The high disorder in perovskite materials leads to severe carrier non‐radiative recombination, which directly determines the energy loss of photovoltaic devices. Currently, modulation of energetic disorder in perovskite solar cells and its correlation with open‐circuit voltage losses (V OC, loss ) remain insufficiently understood. We regulated the perovskite crystallization process by in situ NH 3 generation, thereby enhancing the perovskite degree of energetic order. Density functional theory calculations reveal that lone‐pair electrons on the N atom of the NH 3 molecule coordinate with Pb 2+ , increasing the defect formation energy of lead vacancies (V Pb ), Pb‐on‐I antisite (Pb I ), and I‐on‐Pb antisite (I Pb ) to 5.61, 0.37, and 4.09 eV, respectively. As a result, we obtained energetic ordered perovskite film with an Urbach energy of 23.7 meV. The champion device exhibited a reduced V OC, loss by over than 50 mV and achieved an open‐circuit voltage (V OC ) of 1.182 V with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.26%. Under the ISOS‐D protocols, the device maintains over 95% of its initial efficiency after 1100 h of nitrogen storage and over 90% after 700 h at 65 °C. And the 5 × 5 cm 2 mini‐modules achieved a PCE of 21.31%, representing state‐of‐the‐art performance in perovskite photovoltaics.
Article Details
Authors (20)
Chuanzhen Shang
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
Duo Qu
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
Zheng Bao
Beijing Solarverse Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd Beijing 100176 China
Chenyun Wang
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
Qiangqiang Zhao
Chunsheng Li
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
Bin Zhou
Xuemeng Wang
Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University
Ruilin Han
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
Shasha Wang
Wenying Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
Kai Wang
Jiangang Liu
Xiaoyu Yang
Zhang Lan
Engineering Research Center of Environment‐Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China
Jiang Wu
Weidong Xu
University of Cambridge , , ,
Jihuai Wu
Engineering Research Center of Environment‐Friendly Functional Materials Ministry of Education Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China
Rui Zhu
Yongguang Tu
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LOFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China