Recycling solid waste to develop a novel and sustainable glass shielding for nuclear and radiation applications

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the mechanical properties and multifunctional radiation shielding performance of a Novel Glass System (NGS) synthesized from recycled waste materials. NGS was produced from discarded lead-acid batteries and automotive glass, representing a sustainable and environmentally responsible method of glass manufacturing through the reuse of lead-free industrial waste. A thorough characterization was performed by density measurements, compositional analysis, and assessment of mechanical properties utilizing the Makishima–Mackenzie model. Structural features were examined via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical performance of the NGS was significantly influenced by the PbO content, which was varied from 10 to 50 mol%. With the rise in PbO content, a significant decline in both Young’s modules (from 73.446 GPa at 0% PbO to 37.480 GPa at 50% PbO) and hardness (from 4.709 GPa to 3.141 GPa) was noted, demonstrating adjustable mechanical properties. The radiation shielding properties, evaluated by the Exposure Buildup Factor (EBF) and Energy Absorption Buildup Factor (EABF), demonstrated significant energy dependency with noticeable peaks at specific penetration depths. Moreover, the Specific Absorbed Fraction of Energy (SAFE) and Gamma-rays Transmission Factor (GTF) illustrated the efficacy of the NGS in attenuating gamma radiation throughout a wide energy range. The results highlight the dual capabilities of the designed glass system, which integrates sufficient mechanical strength with effective gamma-rays shielding. These findings proved NGS as a viable option for sustainable shielding materials, enhancing the circular economy and tackling significant issues in radiation safety and waste management.