Recurrent intra-tumour heterogeneity is a hallmark of metastatic prostate cancer

S Sirui Weng L Lachlan Cain J James Comben Y Yangyi Zhang (Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University) T Timothy Semple S Sara Alaei D David Yoannidis L Luciano Martelotto C Catherine Mitchell A Anupama Pasam R Richard J. Young B Benjamin Blyth J Joy Hendley Y Yuzhou Feng H Heather Thorne R Roslyn Wallace J Joanna Chan J Julia Como L Lisa Devereux H Himisha Beltran D Daniel Wetterskog S Scott Williams A Anthony T. Papenfuss B Belinda Parker P Paul Neeson G Gerhardt Attard D David Quigley (Department of Physics, University of Warwick 2 , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL,) D David L. Goode R Richard B. Pearson L Luc Furic A Anna S. Trigos S Shahneen Sandhu (From the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center (J.D.W.) and the Department of Medicine (J.D.W., M.A.P.), Weill Cornell Medicine, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (M.A.P.) — both in New York; Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua (V.C.-S.), European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan (P.Q.), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS, Meldola (M.G.), University of Siena and the Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena (M.M.), and Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples (P.A.A.) — all in Italy; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (P.R.); Texas Oncology–Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas (C.L.C.); University Hospital Essen, the German Cancer Consortium, the National Center for Tumor Diseases–West, the Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, and University Duisburg-Essen — all in Essen, Germany (D.S.); the College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea (J.W.), Brist...)

Abstract

Abstract The evolution to metastatic disease is a major determinant of cancer mortality. Cancer evolution involves a complex interplay between intrinsic genetics and transcriptional alterations and the microenvironment. To define mechanisms underpinning metastatic heterogeneity in late-stage disease, we focus on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and employed single-cell multi-omics and whole-genome sequencing to deeply profile 34 metastatic lesions obtained from 9 patients through rapid autopsy. We find evolutionary convergence of intra-tumour heterogeneity, characterised by recurrent tumour populations acting as critical functional components of the tumour ecosystem, irrespective of clonal and microenvironmental backgrounds. We find little evidence of the microenvironment driving transcriptional heterogeneity, but there are signatures of co-adaptation between the microenvironment and tumour cells. In contrast, clonal evolution primarily foster widespread transcriptional changes that did not result in de novo functional states. Intra-patient functional convergence of tumour ecosystems across metastases indicates system-level selection pressures that drive the heterogeneity landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our findings reveal functional evolutionary convergence of metastatic disease into distinct intra-tumour subpopulations, identifying critical determinants for therapeutic targeting.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 17, Issue 1
Published June 19, 2026
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (32)

S

Sirui Weng

L

Lachlan Cain

J

James Comben

Y

Yangyi Zhang

Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University

T

Timothy Semple

S

Sara Alaei

D

David Yoannidis

L

Luciano Martelotto

C

Catherine Mitchell

A

Anupama Pasam

R

Richard J. Young

B

Benjamin Blyth

J

Joy Hendley

Y

Yuzhou Feng

H

Heather Thorne

R

Roslyn Wallace

J

Joanna Chan

J

Julia Como

L

Lisa Devereux

H

Himisha Beltran

D

Daniel Wetterskog

S

Scott Williams

A

Anthony T. Papenfuss

B

Belinda Parker

P

Paul Neeson

G

Gerhardt Attard

D

David Quigley

Department of Physics, University of Warwick 2 , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL,

D

David L. Goode

R

Richard B. Pearson

L

Luc Furic

A

Anna S. Trigos

S

Shahneen Sandhu

From the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center (J.D.W.) and the Department of Medicine (J.D.W., M.A.P.), Weill Cornell Medicine, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (M.A.P.) — both in New York; Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua (V.C.-S.), European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan (P.Q.), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS, Meldola (M.G.), University of Siena and the Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena (M.M.), and Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples (P.A.A.) — all in Italy; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (P.R.); Texas Oncology–Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas (C.L.C.); University Hospital Essen, the German Cancer Consortium, the National Center for Tumor Diseases–West, the Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, and University Duisburg-Essen — all in Essen, Germany (D.S.); the College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea (J.W.), Brist...