Rational Design of Type‐I Photodynamic Agents

K Kun‐Xu Teng (Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals College of Chemistry Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China) L Li‐Ya Niu (Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals College of Chemistry Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China) J Jiahui Li D Dongsheng Zhang (Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)) Q Qing‐Zheng Yang (Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals College of Chemistry Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China)

Abstract

Abstract Type‐I photodynamic agents can not only produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, but also directly damage biomolecules through electron/hydrogen transfer process, exhibiting reduced dependence on oxygen concentration in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The rational design of Type‐I photodynamic agents has attracted increasing attention. This minireview provides a comprehensive overview of Type‐I PDT and its advantages in treating hypoxic tumors. It systematically outlines two complementary design strategies: i) thermodynamic modulation through molecular engineering to block the Type‐II energy transfer pathway, and ii) kinetic enhancement of electron/hydrogen transfer to favor the Type‐I mechanism. Finally, key challenges in Type‐I PDT are discussed, and future perspectives are highlighted to facilitate the clinical translation of Type‐I photodynamic agents. We hope this review will stimulate further progress in the development of innovative PDT.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 64, Issue 30
Published July 21, 2025
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (5)

K

Kun‐Xu Teng

Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals College of Chemistry Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China

L

Li‐Ya Niu

Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals College of Chemistry Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China

J

Jiahui Li

D

Dongsheng Zhang

Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS)

Q

Qing‐Zheng Yang

Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals College of Chemistry Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China