Randomly distributed optical fibers in translucent mortar for privacy-preserving light transmission and digital image reconstruction

Abstract

Abstract Light-transmitting building materials often compromise visual privacy due to coherent light transmission. This study presents a novel composite utilizing randomly distributed optical fibers coupled with a computational image reconstruction system. A limestone-calcined clay cement (LC³) inspired matrix was designed for sustainability and material performance. An algorithmic approach assigned a random traceable fiber distribution via a bijective input-output mapping. The random fiber configuration achieves effective light diffusion, preserving physical privacy. However, using digital imaging and homography-based calibration, the network was computationally reconstructed to reverse the diffusion, recovering hidden visual information accurately. This demonstrates a dual functionality: architectural privacy combined with selective digital transparency. Geometric robustness tests confirmed a stable operational envelope (estimated error of 2.9%) across viewing distances of 30–110 cm and camera rotation angles up to ± 35º (pitch and yaw), establishing these fiber-instrumented cementitious composites as hybrid physical-digital materials for smart infrastructure applications.