Productivity gains and work conditions in coercive labor markets: Experimental evidence from the Bangladesh brick sector

G Grant Miller (School of Medicine) D Debashish Biswas (Health Systems and Population Studies Division, The International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B)) A Aprajit Mahajan (National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)) K Kimberly Singer Babiarz (Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University) N Nina Brooks (School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan) J Jessie Brunner (Center for Human Rights and International Justice, Stanford Global Studies Division, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University) S Sania Ashraf (Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University) J Jack Shane (Department of Economics) A Alvise Scarabosio (Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University) S Sameer Maithel (Greentech Knowledge Solutions) S Shoeb Ahmed (Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)) M Moogdho Mahzab (Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)) M Mohammad Rofi Uddin (Health Systems and Population Studies Division, The International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B)) M Mahbubur Rahman S Stephen P. Luby (Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University)

Abstract

Productivity growth in competitive labor markets can improve worker welfare over time through higher wages or better conditions, but it is unclear if productivity gains benefit workers in coercive labor markets (where force or threats shape employment). We examine this issue in the Bangladesh brick sector using a randomized trial that introduced a more efficient production method. Despite large productivity improvements, we find no reduction in (high) rates of labor trafficking or child labor. These findings suggest that in the short-term, productivity growth alone may be insufficient to improve work conditions in coercive settings.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 29
Published July 21, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (15)

G

Grant Miller

School of Medicine

D

Debashish Biswas

Health Systems and Population Studies Division, The International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B)

A

Aprajit Mahajan

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

K

Kimberly Singer Babiarz

Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University

N

Nina Brooks

School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan

J

Jessie Brunner

Center for Human Rights and International Justice, Stanford Global Studies Division, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University

S

Sania Ashraf

Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University

J

Jack Shane

Department of Economics

A

Alvise Scarabosio

Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University

S

Sameer Maithel

Greentech Knowledge Solutions

S

Shoeb Ahmed

Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

M

Moogdho Mahzab

Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

M

Mohammad Rofi Uddin

Health Systems and Population Studies Division, The International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B)

M

Mahbubur Rahman

S

Stephen P. Luby

Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University