Prevalence and risk factors associated with urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases among young adults in Poland

Abstract

Abstract The global burdens of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are on the rise, underscoring the importance of tailored prevention and treatment approaches for specific groups. We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey among Polish students aged ≥ 18 years. Recruitment was conducted through social media and verbal invitations. The prevalence of UTI and STD and their associated risk factors were assessed. A total of 617 young adults (mean age: 21 years) participated in the study, including 79.4% women. Among all study participants, approximately 50.0% reported at least one episode of UTI, and 37.6% experienced recurrent UTIs. In multivariable logistic regression, sexual activity (OR = 7.57, 95% CI: 4.34–13.20), family history of UTIs (OR = 4.35, 95% CI: 2.73–6.95), urine retention (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.13–5.58) and inadequate daily water intake (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.44–4.08) were significantly associated with UTIs, with recurrent infections additionally associated with the use of intimate hygiene products. Overall, nearly 78% were sexually active, and about 10% of them engaged in chemsex. The findings highlight the high UTI burden in young adults and the need for targeted prevention. The high rate of risky sexual behaviors emphasizes the importance of STDs testing in young adults.