Pressure amplification in single-stage gas launchers via Mach-stem formation

B B. Dias (First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,) R R. L. Doherty (First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,) J J. Shadbolt (First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,) V V. Beltrán (First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,) E E. Escauriza (Department of Physics, University of California San Diego 2 , La Jolla, California 92093,) D D. J. Chapman (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 3 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) D D. E. Eakins (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 3 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) A A. Rack H H. W. Doyle (First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,) M M. G. Gorman

Abstract

We present a pressure amplifier that integrates with single-stage gas launchers and enhances the accessible range of sample pressure states. The design of the amplifier was guided by hydrodynamic simulations. Using a convergent shock geometry, the amplifier generates pressures of up to 4.3 times greater than those achievable through direct impact. The evolution of the shock fronts through the amplifier was captured using ultrahigh speed x-ray phase-contrast imaging, and the velocity history of shocked samples was measured using photonic Doppler velocimetry to ascertain output pressures of the amplifier. Pressures of up to 40 GPa were observed in copper and iron samples as well as the observation of phase-transition kinetics in iron (α–ϵ transition). These results demonstrate the utility of the pressure amplifier in allowing a wider range of material phase space to be explored with single-stage guns.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 139, Issue 15
Published April 21, 2026
ISSN 0021-8979
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Journal of Applied Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-8979 Physical Sciences

Authors (10)

B

B. Dias

First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,

R

R. L. Doherty

First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,

J

J. Shadbolt

First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,

V

V. Beltrán

First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,

E

E. Escauriza

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego 2 , La Jolla, California 92093,

D

D. J. Chapman

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 3 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

D

D. E. Eakins

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 3 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

A

A. Rack

H

H. W. Doyle

First Light Fusion Ltd. 1 , Unit 9 and 10 Oxford Pioneer Park, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1QU, Oxfordshire,

M

M. G. Gorman