Polymeric Diaminophenazine with Spiral Architecture as Cathode Materials for Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Batteries

S Suyan Niu L Lingfei Zhao Y Yao Wang Q Qi Luo (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine) H Huichun Xue (Department of Chemistry Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P.R. China) N Na Ju Y Yiming Wang L Lin Zhu B Beibei Xu L Limeng Sun (Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P.R. China) Y Yufei Zhao (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering) H Hao Liu J James Bouwer (Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia) Y Yun‐Xiao Wang (Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China) S Shi‐Xue Dou (Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China) H Hua‐Kun Liu (Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China) G Guang‐Wen Xu (Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 P.R. China) H Hong‐bin Sun (Department of Chemistry Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P.R. China) W Wei‐Hong Lai (Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China)

Abstract

Abstract Pyrazine‐based organic electrode materials hold great promise for applications in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), while developing cost‐effective organic molecules that exhibit both high electrochemical activity and long cycle life remains challenging. Herein, we report an organic polymer (p‐DAP) featuring alternating rigid‐flexible spiral structures for AZIBs. Synthesized from cost‐effective o‐phenylenediamine via thermal polymerization, p‐DAP integrates saturated alicyclic rings and pyrazine moieties to stabilize interlayer spacing and facilitate ion transport. The polymer achieves nearly 95% redox‐active sites utilization at 0.2 A g −1 , delivering 145.2 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1 with a capacity retention of 78.9% over 136 900 cycles. Notably, it maintains a capacity retention of 97.7% after 3550 cycles at –40 °C. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal a proton‐dominated charge storage mechanism. This work offers a promising strategy for designing durable organic electrodes for high‐performance AZIBs.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 64, Issue 44
Published October 27, 2025
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (19)

S

Suyan Niu

L

Lingfei Zhao

Y

Yao Wang

Q

Qi Luo

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine

H

Huichun Xue

Department of Chemistry Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P.R. China

N

Na Ju

Y

Yiming Wang

L

Lin Zhu

B

Beibei Xu

L

Limeng Sun

Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P.R. China

Y

Yufei Zhao

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering

H

Hao Liu

J

James Bouwer

Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Y

Yun‐Xiao Wang

Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China

S

Shi‐Xue Dou

Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China

H

Hua‐Kun Liu

Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS) University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China

G

Guang‐Wen Xu

Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 P.R. China

H

Hong‐bin Sun

Department of Chemistry Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P.R. China

W

Wei‐Hong Lai

Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China