Pleistocene terrestrial warming trend in East Asia linked to Antarctic ice sheets growth

H Huanye Wang W Weiguo Liu Z Zhonghui Liu X Xiaoke Qiang (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) X Xinwen Xu J Jing Lei (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Z Zhengguo Shi (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Y Yunning Cao J Jing Hu F Fengyan Lu H Hongxuan Lu X Xiaolin Ma (School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management, Shanghai University) Y Youbin Sun (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Z Zhangdong Jin H Hong Ao Z Zeke Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) H Hu Liu Y Yong Hu H Hong Yan (State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry) W Weijian Zhou (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Z Zhisheng An (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Abstract How terrestrial mean annual temperature (MAT) evolved throughout the past 2 million years (Myr) remains elusive, limiting our understanding of the patterns, mechanisms, and impacts of past temperature changes. Here we report a ~2-Myr terrestrial MAT record based on fossil microbial lipids preserved in the Heqing paleolake, East Asia. The increased amplitude and periodicity shift of glacial-interglacial changes in our record align with those in sea surface temperature (SST) records. However, its long-term warming trend (1.0 °C/Myr, 95% CI = 0.4–1.7 °C/Myr) during 1.8–0.6 Myr ago diverges from the contemporaneous SST cooling. We propose that the Pleistocene warming in East Asia primarily resulted from regionally enhanced heat input and greenhouse effect of rising water vapor driven by Antarctic ice sheets (AIS) growth, highlighting the important climatic effect of AIS evolution. Such long-term warming across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition might have been beneficial for archaic humans’ flourishing in Eurasia.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published September 10, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (21)

H

Huanye Wang

W

Weiguo Liu

Z

Zhonghui Liu

X

Xiaoke Qiang

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

X

Xinwen Xu

J

Jing Lei

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Z

Zhengguo Shi

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Y

Yunning Cao

J

Jing Hu

F

Fengyan Lu

H

Hongxuan Lu

X

Xiaolin Ma

School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management, Shanghai University

Y

Youbin Sun

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Z

Zhangdong Jin

H

Hong Ao

Z

Zeke Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

H

Hu Liu

Y

Yong Hu

H

Hong Yan

State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry

W

Weijian Zhou

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Z

Zhisheng An

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences