Plant based synthesised silver nanoparticles delivering enhanced antifungal activity and synergistic environmental remediation

Abstract

Abstract This study delves into the antifungal capabilities and catalytic dye degradation efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised using Enicostemma axillare leaf extract. Highlighting the pressing need for sustainable agriculture and pollution mitigation strategies, our investigation demonstrates the dual utility of phyto-synthesised AgNPs. Antifungal assays revealed substantial inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination in Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum , with inhibition rates peaking at 83% and 82.79%, respectively, at a concentration of 120 µg/ml. Additionally, AgNPs showcased remarkable catalytic degradation of hazardous dyes methylene blue, methyl orange, and Congo red, achieving over 90% degradation within minutes, underlying their potential in environmental remediation. The catalytic reduction showcased not only the high efficiency of these nanoparticles in breaking down complex organic molecules but also positioned them as viable candidates for treating industrial effluents. The increased phenolic and proline contents in treated tomato plants suggest an enhanced stress response, potentially contributing to disease resistance. These findings underscore the versatility of phyto-synthesised AgNPs, offering promising avenues for the development of eco-friendly solutions in agriculture and environmental management.