Persistence and turnover of soil organic carbon in global drylands

H Hui Wang F Fernando T. Maestre N Nan Lu G Guang Zhao Y Yangjian Zhang S Sergio Asensio D De Shorn E. Bramble W Weiliang Chen M Michaela A. Dippold D David J. Eldridge J Juan J. Gaitán M Miguel García-Gómez B Beatriz Gozalo N Nicolas Gross E Emilio Guirado Y Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet J Jaime Martínez-Valderrama B Betty J. Mendoza V Victoria Ochoa C Cesar Plaza H Hugo Saiz M Marion Schrumpf C Carlos A. Sierra A Andrés Tangarife-Escobar E Enrique Valencia S Sophie F. von Fromm C Cong Wang (Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066) K Kai Wang Y Yunqiang Wang S Sönke Zaehle B Bojie Fu S Susan Trumbore (Department Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry) J Jianbei Huang

Abstract

Abstract Reliable predictions of dryland carbon fluxes require understanding the persistence and turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC). We measure radiocarbon to quantify the age of SOC and CO 2 released from soil respiration at 97 dryland sites across six continents. Here we show that bulk SOC contains little C fixed in the past 60 years, while respired CO 2 originates from both bomb-derived recent C and millennia-old C, challenging the idea that old C is chemically or physically protected. Radiocarbon suggests mean ages of ~2100 years for bulk SOC and ~520 years for respired CO 2 , the latter far older than machine-learning (<50 years) or Earth system models predict. Aridity, net primary productivity, and SOC content are dominant predictors for radiocarbon signatures, with abrupt shifts to older C beyond an aridity threshold of ~0.87. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate the vulnerability of older carbon into models and land management strategies.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 17, Issue 1
Published April 22, 2026
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (33)

H

Hui Wang

F

Fernando T. Maestre

N

Nan Lu

G

Guang Zhao

Y

Yangjian Zhang

S

Sergio Asensio

D

De Shorn E. Bramble

W

Weiliang Chen

M

Michaela A. Dippold

D

David J. Eldridge

J

Juan J. Gaitán

M

Miguel García-Gómez

B

Beatriz Gozalo

N

Nicolas Gross

E

Emilio Guirado

Y

Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet

J

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama

B

Betty J. Mendoza

V

Victoria Ochoa

C

Cesar Plaza

H

Hugo Saiz

M

Marion Schrumpf

C

Carlos A. Sierra

A

Andrés Tangarife-Escobar

E

Enrique Valencia

S

Sophie F. von Fromm

C

Cong Wang

Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066

K

Kai Wang

Y

Yunqiang Wang

S

Sönke Zaehle

B

Bojie Fu

S

Susan Trumbore

Department Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry

J

Jianbei Huang