Performance comparison of streptavidin magnetic beads for epcam expressing cancer cell lines for circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment in a flow-through immunomagnetic system

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, their scarcity limits their utility as current enrichment techniques are hampered by low volume throughput and/or the inability to capture CTCs with low target antigen densities. Our group previously reported a device capable of processing samples in a flow manner using an optimized Halbach array to enhance the capture of low EpCAM-expressing cells (Flow-through Immunomagnetic CTC Enrichment system). In this study, we tested the capture efficiency of eight commercially available streptavidin magnetic beads using this device to identify the most suitable bead. Results indicate that using this system, the best-performing magnetic beads are in the ~ 100 to ~ 150 nm size range. Considering the combination of binding efficiency and final sample purity, we found that among the beads tested in combination with biotinylated anti-EpCAM, MojoSort Streptavidin Nanobeads performed the best, with high capture efficiencies for both the high EpCAM expressing LNCaP and low EpCAM expressing PC3–9 cell lines. For CTC enrichment from the blood of cancer patients, reducing the number of WBCs co-enriched with these beads will be essential, especially when processing large-volume samples acquired, for instance, through diagnostic leukapheresis to overcome the limitations caused by the scarcity of CTCs.