Patient-reported outcome subgroups and associated determinants in hematologic malignancies: A latent profile analysis

Abstract

Abstract Aims: To identify latent profiles of patient-reported outcomes in individuals with hematologic malignancies and explore their associated determinants. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: This study conducted a survey and assessment of 354 patients with hematologic malignancies from four medical institutions in Tianjin, Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces between June and August 2023. Latent profile analysis was used to identify potential heterogeneous subgroups based on patient-reported outcomes, and univariate analysis along with multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine key factors associated with these outcomes. Data were analysed using Mplus version 8.3 and SPSS version 24.0. Results: Four well-being profiles emerged: the low symptom–high function group, the moderate symptom–emotional distress dominant group, the moderate symptom–pain dominant group, and the high symptom–multidimensional impairment group. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, average monthly family income, diagnosis, treatment stage, therapeutic regimen and medication category were significant predictors of latent classes of patient-reported outcomes among individuals with hematologic malignancies. Conclusions: This study identified four distinct patient-reported health profiles, with most individuals falling into the moderate symptoms–emotionally distress dominant group. These findings underscore the importance of moving beyond standardized care approaches toward stratified and personalized nursing interventions. Tailoring symptom management strategies to patient subgroups may enhance care effectiveness, improve functional outcomes, and ultimately support a higher quality of life for individuals living with hematologic malignancies. Impact: By identifying distinct symptom–function profiles and their associated predictors, this study provides evidence to inform stratified, patient-centered interventions aimed at optimizing symptom management and improving quality of life among individuals with hematologic malignancies, underscoring the need for targeted psychosocial support. Reporting Method: This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: Eligible patients were recruited to complete a structured questionnaire for data collection. Ketwords: Hematologic malignancies | Patient-reported outcomes | Latent profile analysis | Quality of life | Cross-sectional survey