Participation of children and adolescents in healthcare, prevention and health research: A dot survey

Abstract

Background While adults are actively involved in medical decisions, this has long been neglected in the case of children and adolescents. Traditionally, parents and doctors make decisions for children, as children are often considered lacking cognitive maturity and the ability to make decisions. The involvement of children and adolescents can have many advantages. However, the needs of children and adolescents are not always sufficiently taken into account in the healthcare system. Objective The aim of this study is to explore the opinions of children and adolescents as well as their parents with respect to the extent of participation across the three dimensions prevention, health care, and health research. Method The data was collected using the dot poster method. The survey was conducted at a public event both on site and online to ensure broad participation. The data was analyzed descriptively. Results A total of 87 people took part in the survey. Thereof, 30 were under 18 years old (34.5%). Overall, the participation of children and adolescents in areas of the healthcare system was supported. The extent of participation varied depending on the age of the population under consideration and the age of the respondents. Younger respondents tended to be in favor of leaving health decisions to their parents and wanted a lesser form of participation. Respondents over the age of 18 favored a higher degree of participation by children and adolescents, particularly in research. Conclusion The results of this study emphasize the need to systematically examine and promote the participation of children and adolescents in the healthcare system. The differentiated consideration of the age groups enables a targeted approach and consideration of the different decision-making abilities. The results should serve as a basis for future research projects dealing with the development and implementation of participatory approaches in pediatric care and research.