Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children
Abstract
Abstract The adenoids and tonsils are important immune organs of the nasopharynx that often become hypertrophic in childhood because of recurrent pathogen infection. However, the differences in the immune microenvironment of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and tonsil hypertrophy (TH) are unclear. Here, we show the epidemiological characteristics and peripheral blood cell indices of 1209 pediatric patients (1–15 years old) diagnosed with AH, and find that AH is often accompanied by TH and characterized by specific changes in immune cell types. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis show that 12 paired AH and TH samples contain large numbers of B, T cells and some exhausted effector memory CD4+ T cells. Compared with matched TH, AH have more naïve B cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells and less plasma B cells. Weaker antigen presentation and more significant immunosuppression are also observed in AH. In contrast, the number and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells decrease with AH grade. These findings will help our understanding of the immune response to nasopharyngeal infection.
Article Details
Authors (26)
Zihui Yu
Ziying Xu
Tongtong Fu
Shiyu Liu
Jinghua Cui
Bing Zhang
Jieqiong Liang
Chong Pang
Yuehua Ke
Ruikun Wang
Zhijie Tang
Yagang Gao
Bing Du
Yanling Feng
Clinical Translational Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University
Hanqing Zhao
MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, School of Pharmacy
Guanhua Xue
Chao Yan
Lin Gan
Junxia Feng
Zheng Fan
Yang Yang
Lijuan Huang
Shuo Zhao
Sun Ying
Qinglong Gu
Jing Yuan