Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on DT-CH-modified MgFe2O4@APTES magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable new catalyst for C-C coupling reactions

Abstract

Abstract A novel protocol has been developed for synthesizing a DT-CH-Pd complex anchored on MgFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, referred to as MgFe 2 O 4 @APTES@DT-CH-Pd. The structure of this nanomagnetic catalyst was thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, ICP, TGA, VSM, and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. Subsequently, its catalytic performance was evaluated in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions conducted in water, highlighting its use as a green solvent. Palladium loading on the catalyst was quantified through ICP analysis, measuring at 1.7 × 10⁻³ mol g⁻¹. This methodology offers several advantages, such as straightforward preparation from readily available materials, excellent catalytic activity, ease of operation, short reaction times, high yields, and an environmentally friendly solvent system. Importantly, the nanocatalyst was conveniently recovered using an external magnet and reused multiple times without notable degradation in catalytic efficiency.