Packing Order Control in Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks by Tuning Ligand Oxidation State

Y Yunlong Fan (National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering) B Bin Jiang Z Zhenghan Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) H Haoyang Zhang (National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering) L Luming Yang (Research Group ESR Spectroscopy) T Tianyang Chen (School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China) L Liu He (National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering) Y Yanjun Liu J Jinkun Guo (National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering) T Tongyang Zhao (National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering) R Ran Du C Cen Tang (CAS Key Laboratory For Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing China) J Jian Li M Maojun Zheng (Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control Ministry of Education School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China) J Jin‐Hu Dou (National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P.R. China)

Abstract

Abstract Conductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs), composed of metal nodes and redox‐active ligands, have attracted growing interest due to the coexistence of porosity and charge transport. Notably, their electrical performance is closely related to the packing and ligand oxidation state within the framework, which has rarely been explored. Typical divalent metal nodes favor saturated intralayer square‐planar coordination to ligands in a single oxidation state, thereby predetermining the framework topology. Here, we report a packing and topology control strategy, achieved by tuning the ligand oxidation state and grounded in lanthanides (e.g., Gd) versatile coordination chemistry. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and single‐crystal transport measurements reveal that, at low temperature, coordination of Gd 3+ with 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) in a lower mixed oxidation state (−4 and −5) yields a more ordered porous packing (Gd 1.5 HHTP) with superior electronic transport performance. In contrast, at elevated temperature, the ligand adopts a higher oxidation state (−3), and coordination with Gd 3+ yields a densely packed structure with local coordination disorder (GdHHTP), resulting in a markedly reduced electrical conductivity. This study demonstrates ligand‐oxidation‐state tuning provides an effective strategy for the precise control of structural order and charge transport in c‐MOFs, laying a theoretical foundation for the rational design of materials with tunable electronic properties.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 4
Published January 22, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (15)

Y

Yunlong Fan

National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering

B

Bin Jiang

Z

Zhenghan Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

H

Haoyang Zhang

National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering

L

Luming Yang

Research Group ESR Spectroscopy

T

Tianyang Chen

School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China

L

Liu He

National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering

Y

Yanjun Liu

J

Jinkun Guo

National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering

T

Tongyang Zhao

National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering

R

Ran Du

C

Cen Tang

CAS Key Laboratory For Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing China

J

Jian Li

M

Maojun Zheng

Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control Ministry of Education School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China

J

Jin‐Hu Dou

National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P.R. China