Onset of extensive human fire use 50,000 y ago

S Shoushu Jiang (Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) D Debo Zhao (Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) S Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr (Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin) L Luc Beaufort (Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE) H Hua Tu (State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China) Z Zhengyao Lu (Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University) Z Zhongjing Cheng (State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University) S Shanjia Zhang (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University) Y Yi Zhong X Xiudong Hao (Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resource Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University) W Wenqiang Pei (School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University) G Guangqiang Cui (Oceanographic Data Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Y Yifei Yang (Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) A Anni Lin (Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) J Jie Huang (Department of Chemistry) S Shiming Wan (State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Fire is a pivotal aspect of human involvement in the carbon cycle. However, the precise timing of the large-scale human fire use remains uncertain. Here, we report a pyrogenic carbon record of East Asian fire history over the past 300,000 y from the East China Sea. This record suggests a rapid increase in fire activity since approximately 50,000 y ago, indicating a decoupling from the monsoon climate, and this pattern is consistent with fire histories in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Papua New Guinea-Australia regions. By integrating extensive archaeological data, we propose that the intensified global expansion of modern human and population growth, coupled with the rising demand for fire use during cold glacial periods, resulted in a significant increase in fire utilization from 50,000 y onward. This suggests that a measurable human imprint on the carbon cycle via fire likely predates the Last Glacial Maximum.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 27
Published July 08, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (16)

S

Shoushu Jiang

Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

D

Debo Zhao

Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

S

Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr

Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin

L

Luc Beaufort

Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE

H

Hua Tu

State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China

Z

Zhengyao Lu

Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University

Z

Zhongjing Cheng

State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University

S

Shanjia Zhang

College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University

Y

Yi Zhong

X

Xiudong Hao

Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resource Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University

W

Wenqiang Pei

School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University

G

Guangqiang Cui

Oceanographic Data Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Y

Yifei Yang

Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

A

Anni Lin

Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

J

Jie Huang

Department of Chemistry

S

Shiming Wan

State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences