Obesity, food habits and socio-demographic factors among university students in Germany: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Obesity represents a growing public health challenge globally, with rising prevalence among university students. Its causes extend beyond diet and exercise, encompassing socioeconomic background, and family education and migration history. This study examined obesity among German university students using data from the 2016 Studitemps survey, which included over 9,960 participants and mirrors key characteristics of national statistics and the largest social study of German students “Sozialerhebung 2016”. Logistic regression results indicate that with each additional year, the associated chance of obesity increases. Students whose parents hold university degrees had significantly lower associated chances of obesity—nearly half—compared to those whose parents had not attained any university entry-level qualification (OR = 0.536). Furthermore, living alone or with a partner, as opposed to in shared accommodation, was associated with higher odds of obesity (OR = 1.878), as was frequent use of food delivery services (OR = 1.498). Student income showed no association with obesity in either the regression or descriptive analyses; however, students with obesity appeared more reliant on student loans. Public and university initiatives should focus on at-risk groups by improving access to shared accommodations, promoting healthier food choices to reduce reliance on delivery services, and addressing cultural challenges faced by students from lower-education households. In conclusion, this study highlights the complex interplay of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors in obesity among university students.