NMR characterisation of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace treated with Thermomyces lanuginosus

Abstract

Abstract The influence of Thermomyces lanuginosus on the chemical structure of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace during solid-state fermentation (SSF) was studied using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The samples of hemp pomace before, during and after SSF were used for the isolation of biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) and lipids, which were subsequently analyzed using solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. It was observed that SSF significantly alters the composition and quality of individual biopolymers. An increase in the carbonyl group content in lignin was noted. In lipid samples, a significant reduction in mono-, di-, and triglycerides occurred accompanied by an increase in glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids. SSF also notably impacted phosphorus-containing compounds in the hemp pomace. These results demonstrate that SSF enables targeted modification of key chemical components in hemp pomace. By altering the structure of lignin, breaking down complex lipids, and affecting phosphorus-containing compounds, SSF improves the chemical quality and functionality of the biomass. This highlights its potential as an effective method for upgrading agricultural residues into more valuable and versatile materials supporting sustainable biorefinery applications.